> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://2025.istvs.org/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://2025.istvs.org/submissions/papers/4579.md). # 4579 - ANALYSIS OF PASSENGER TIRE-SALTED PAVEMENT INTERACTION: A TRACTION PERSPECTIVE {% hint style="info" %} Paper presented at ISTVS 2025 | 55th Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems {% endhint %} **Authors:** *Erin Fenton, Zeinab El-sayegh* **Keywords:** Tire Mechanics; Vehicle Dynamics; Terramechanics; Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics; Finite Element Analysis **Abstract:** This paper introduces a novel approach for investigating the interaction between a passenger car tire and salted pavement. A passenger car tire size 235/55 R19 was modelled within a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software called Virtual Performance Solution (VPS) using 28 layers including solid, layered membrane, beam and shell elements. The modelled tire was validated in static and dynamic domains using manufacturer-provided data. The salt used to sit on top of the pavement was modelled using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) techniques and calibrated using shear-strength test. The salted pavement–tire interaction required the use of node-to-segment contact algorithm with edge treatment to ensure no penetration between the salt particles and the tire elements. The focus of this paper is to investigate the tractive efforts of the driven tire over the salted pavement under different operating conditions. The operating conditions include vertical loads of 3.5 kN, 5 kN, 8 kN and a nominal inflation pressure of 228 kPa at constant angular velocities equivalent to longitudinal speeds of 10 kph, 50 kph and 100 kph. To understand the impact salt has on the driving conditions of icy roads several tests including a 57 mm, 114 mm and 171 mm salt depth was selected to understand the impacts of the amount of salt on a surface. This study provides insight to the use of road salt in the winter months in Canada. As road salt is crucial in winter climates it is important to understand the implications that salting pavement will have on the performance of passenger car tires through advanced computational techniques. By understanding the implication salt has on different pavements affected by winter a deeper understanding of safety, and tire traction performance can be achieved. --- # Agent Instructions This documentation is published with GitBook. GitBook is the documentation platform designed so that both humans and AI agents can read, navigate, and reason over technical content effectively. Learn more at gitbook.com. ## Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter, and the optional `goal` query parameter: ``` GET https://2025.istvs.org/submissions/papers/4579.md?ask=&goal= ``` `ask` is the immediate question: it should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language. `goal` is optional and describes the broader end goal you are ultimately trying to accomplish on behalf of the user. GitBook uses it to tailor the answer towards what is most useful for that goal. The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation. Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.